#115 Model Caching (revised)
May 13, 2013 | 12 minutes | Performance, Active Record
Caching at a low level is a great option when the view is too dynamic to cache and you need something flexible that can work anywhere in the application. Here I show a variety of ways to use Rails.cache with Active Record.
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I had a basic question. How can I cache static files that users have uploaded? I am using CarrierWave to upload the files which are hosted on S3, but every time I fetch them, it takes a very long time.
If you are using the Dalli memcached gem, it is able to store binary data by using
Rails.cache.fetch("foo", raw: true){Time.now}
.Btw, why do you want to cache it on server-side instead of delivering the S3 URL to the client? If the file is private, then you could use an authenticated URL with expiration
Oh because I had to process the files on the server-side.
They are some source-code files, uploaded by users, which are fetched by the server for doing syntax highlighting. You are right, I should find some way to do the syntax highlighting only once and store that version on S3; and just give the link to the user.
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nice article
Very helpful article
Check out https://github.com/cpuguy83/pack_rat for some cache helpers in your model
Here's another gem with similar model caching functionality https://github.com/schneems/method_cacheable
When would you use this vs cache_digests?
cache_digests is for generating md5 digests of your fragments and inserting them into the cachekey for the object you are caching, this is for caching in the model itself.
ugh? this also generates a key for the models nuh?
is cache_digests more efficient?
2:34 to 3:03. Those two sentences makes no sense to me whatsoever. I've listened to it 10 times, and I can't tell what that line does. Sometimes the "foobar" terminology is unhelpful.
"So, if we pass a model object to the fetch method it's going to automatically use the cache key for that object, and we can supply multiple keys in an array and they will be joined together. So let's say we have some kind of property we want to compute on that article, we can execute that in a block here and this block will be executed just once when it sets the key and the next time we trigger it it won't trigger the block because the key is already set unless we change the Article model and that will change the key value."
Here is the line Ryan is describing:
Rails.cache.fetch([article, "foo"]) { 123 }
which returns:
=> 123
then he types it in the console again, and the same thing happens. What does this line do again? And what does "123" do? And how do I know that it isn't triggered the second time?
How is any fetching done when nothing in the cache had been set yet? I am really missing something on this one.
I'm going to attempt to answer my own question, it makes a little bit of sense after having written it down.
The Rails.cache.fetch call will attempt to return something for the key passed in, but it you also pass it a block it will execute the block and use the resulting value for that key if it wasn't already set.
And passing [article, "foo"] as the cache key is the same as passing:
which is just a unique identifier in the cache. Slowly filtering through my dense head.
OK great. So a better example might have used something that would demonstrably change had the block been executed each time the fetch message was sent:
wait 5 seconds, then:
Now I get it. ;-)
2013blahblahblahfoo000 is basically a timestamp with milliseconds so even repeating the action immediately after the first action the value/cache_key cannot be the same.
Another great cast.
I have a semi unrelated question being a bit of a rails newbie. I notice all the Model functions being defined as self.function_name
I have seen this done both with self and without self and also with variables being defined both with and without self. What is the right way? They both seem to work.
I was looking for a good way to explain it, and found this. :)
def self.foo creates a class method.
"Class methods are methods that are called on a class and instance methods are methods that are called on an instance of a class."
via http://www.railstips.org/blog/archives/2009/05/11/class-and-instance-methods-in-ruby/
Thanks for the reply and sorry for the slow response. That was great link.
try also find_cache gem https://github.com/mustafaturan/find_cache
- support for rails 3+ including rails 4
- catches your find_by attribute methods
- catches your belongs_to relation
- catches your has_one relations
- threading supported
dynamically expires cache when thread killed or with an after_filter on application controller
Great cast but I noticed we had to write many methods.
When I checked identity_cache gem, I have also to write fetch_xxx
Is there any gem cache by default everything without need to change my old code to use fetch_xxx?
I need a gem to use without changing my code and have to replace all finds with fetches.
I found some gems like
https://github.com/ngmoco/cache-mone --not working on Rails3--
https://github.com/orslumen/record-cache
https://github.com/csdn-dev/second_level_cache
Can anyone give suggestions/recommendations?
Still not getting around having to wrap your code into a cache block, but check out:
https://github.com/cpuguy83/pack_rat
It just lets you call:
second level cache with Rails4 support!
What tool do you use to see the number of queries done ? on the top left Windows ?
http://railscasts.com/episodes/368-miniprofiler
Miniprofiler
I do this with Redis using redis-objects: https://github.com/nateware/redis-objects
Hi Guys,
Not sure how scalable model caching is?
In a sense, it looks like we are building a "cached mini DB"..
in a scenario with thousands (or millions) of records , you will end up requiring more and more memory.
Well, yes, the point of caching is to trade memory for performance.
memcached is very scalable - for example, one popular social networking service reported in 2008 that they operated over 800 memcached servers, delivering 28TB of available cache memory.
and how much would that cost them to operate that many memcached servers
You're saying multiple times that the cached values are expired, that's a bit false I think.
The cache key changes and there is no cached value with the new key, but the cached value with the old key is still cached in there. It can grow big if not expired from time to time.
When a memcached server runs low on memory, it simply removes the oldest data.
How about model caching and I18N (translation).
Is there an easy way to cache content of a multilanguage site?
Another great cast.
Caching the comments count only seems to work with a page reload. I am using ajax to add comments and updating the count in create.js.erb:
$('#comments_count').html('<%= @article.comments.size %>');
... when using the cached version the value is not yet updated at this point?I've found the after_touch method a good place to clear the cache too
Just in case anyone misreads this as I did, "I've found the after_touch method a good place to clear the cache as well" as in I found I need to use both after_commit and after_touch.
Great find on the after_touch callback!
after_commit doesn't get called if you are just touching the record, ie have nested caches that get invalidated through touching.
Another awesome cast - I love how in the end there are no queries!
Ryan, even though there haven't been any Railscasts for a while, I keep referring back to these and they've saved me so many times. Thanks!
Hope all is going well on your hiatus.
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I should find some way to do the syntax highlighting only once and store that version on S3.
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I definitely try this model caching in future. thanks for your wonderful information.
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2:34 to 3:03. Those two sentences makes no sense to me whatsoever. I've listened to it 10 times, and I can't tell what that line does. Sometimes the "foobar" terminology is unhelpful.
"So, if we pass a model object to the fetch method it's going to automatically use the cache key for that object, and we can supply multiple keys in an array and they will be joined together. So let's say we have some kind of property we want to compute on that article, we can execute that in a block here and this block will be executed just once when it sets the key and the next time we trigger it it won't trigger the block because the key is already set unless we change the Article model and that will change the key value."
Here is the line Ryan is describing:
Rails.cache.fetch([article, "foo"]) { 123 }
which returns:
=> 123
then he types it in the console again, and the same thing happens. What does this line do again? And what does "123" do? And how do I know that it isn't triggered the second time?
How is any fetching done when nothing in the cache had been set yet? I am really missing something on this one.
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